3 effective diets for improving glycemic control

3 effective diets for improving glycemic control

With the surge in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, dietary strategies are no longer just general lifestyle advice — they’ve become powerful therapeutic tools.

 

But which one should you recommend in clinical practice?

One of the most reliable ways to assess a diet’s effectiveness is by tracking changes in HbA1c, a key marker of long-term glycemic control.

HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months. The higher the level, the greater the risk of complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease.

Comparison of the Most Studied Diets

🔹 Low-Carb Diet

  • Definition: moderate carbohydrate restriction (<130 g/day)
  • Effect on HbA1c: −0.28% to −0.44%
  • Notes: Effective in the short term, but benefits tend to fade without long-term support.

 

🔹 Ketogenic Diet

  • Definition: very low in carbohydrates (<50 g/day), high in fats
  • Effect on HbA1c: −0.38% to −1.1%
  • Notes: Rapid and significant impact, but requires close medical supervision. Not always suitable for long-term use

 

🔹 Mediterranean Diet

  • Definition: high in vegetables, fruits, olive oil, legumes, and fish
  • Effect on HbA1c: −0.3% to −0.5%
  • Notes: An excellent balance of effectiveness, adherence, and cardiovascular protection.

 

In clinical practice:

The best diet is the one a patient can realistically maintain over time, with sustained improvements in glycemic control and quality of life.

Key success factors:

  • Tailor dietary advice to the patient’s age, treatment plan, BMI, comorbidities, and likelihood of adherence
  • Provide ongoing support and education
  • Monitor regularly: HbA1c, weight, abdominal circumference, lipids, nutritional status

Sources :

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Régimes méditerranéens et prévention du diabète : à l’heure des preuves https://hal.science/hal-03493556/document

Esposito K, Maiorino MI, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Scognamiglio P, Gicchino M, Petrizzo M, Saccomanno F, Beneduce F, Ceriello A, Giugliano D. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Sep 1;151(5):306-14. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00004.

Meng Y, Bai H, Wang S, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen L. Efficacy of low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Sep;131:124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.006.

Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, Astrup A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Feb 23;5(1):e000354. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354.

Huntriss R, Campbell M, Bedwell C. The interpretation and effect of a low-carbohydrate diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Mar;72(3):311-325. doi: 10.1038/s41430-017-0019-4.

Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Meta-Analyses and Clinical Trials. Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Ambrozkiewicz F, Paziewska A. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 18;15(3):500. doi: 10.3390/nu15030500.

Efficacy of a High-Protein Diet to Lower Glycemic Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Flores-Hernández MN, Martínez-Coria H, López-Valdés HE, Arteaga-Silva M, Arrieta-Cruz I, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 11;25(20):10959. doi: 10.3390/ijms252010959.

Comparison of the Effect of Intermittent Fasting with Mediterranean Diet on Glycemic, Lipid, and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Dehghani S, Karimi P, Tarei NN, Masoumvand M, Manesh MAN, Ramezani E, Askari VR. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2025 Apr 11. doi: 10.2174/0115734021351456250326051146. 

Anti-glycaemic effect of the Chinese modified DASH diet combined with 23% low-sodium salt in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial. An J, Liu G, Luo W, Zhou X, Mei Y, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Huang Y, Mu L. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Feb 12;17(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01618-7.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Very Low-Calorie Diets and Low-Fat Vegan Diets on Weight and Glycemic Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kashyap A, Mackay A, Carter B, Fyfe CL, Johnstone AM, Myint PK. Nutrients. 2022 Nov 17;14(22):4870. doi: 10.3390/nu14224870.

The Effect of Dietary Glycaemic Index on Glycaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ojo O, et al. Nutrients. 2018. PMID: 29562676 Free PMC article. Review.

Intermittent v. continuous energy restriction: differential effects on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism following matched weight loss in overweight/obese participants. Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD. Br J Nutr. 2018 Mar;119(5):507-516. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517003890.

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Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1212-1221.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010.

Water’s Influence on Blood Sugar: Separating Fact from Fiction

Water’s Influence on Blood Sugar: Separating Fact from Fiction

Water is life’s most basic necessity yet; its role in health extends well beyond preventing mere thirst. Scientists now recognize the intricate ways hydration status influences core processes like blood sugar regulation. With metabolic conditions reaching epidemic scales globally, understanding water’s impact on glycemic control becomes pivotal. 

In this blog, we analyze emerging science on water-glucose interactions and debunk common myths about it explaining mechanisms underpinning water’s assistance in blood sugar management. 

Water’s Vital but Variable Role

Water constitutes over 60% of adult body weight with fluid balance crucial for homeostasis. But hydration needs and effects fluctuate significantly based on health state, climate and activities. Water may provide neutral, beneficial or even adverse effects on blood sugar markers depending on individual context.

For example, plain water clearly assists diabetes management as the optimal no-calorie beverage for thirst without spiking glucose or calories. However large volumes can potentially dilute sodium levels dangerously. Meanwhile, dehydration from restricted fluid intake may benefit glycemia control short term but causes detrimental outcomes longer term. 

This variability means definitive conclusions on water-glucose interactions require nuanced evidence-based evaluation. Any universal declarations on water’s impact could propagate as misguided myths lacking context.

Fact or Fiction? Common Water Beliefs for Blood Sugar

Let’s examine some recurring opinions on hydration and blood glucose using latest scientific benchmarks:

“Drinking more water always lowers blood sugar.” 

Fiction. While helpful for most people as a zero-calorie beverage, excess water intake can adversely lower electrolyte levels in diabetics or those on SGLT-2 inhibitors, causing temporary hyperglycemia from medication side effects. Outcomes differ based on individual health conditions.

“Dehydration from low water intake reduces glycemia.” 

Partly Fact. Studies confirm even mild dehydration increases blood glucose and HbA1c levels as hydration state influences glucose homeostasis. Though lowering glucose levels short term when acutely dehydrated, persistent fluid restriction and thirst triggers rebound high blood sugar from stress responses. 

“Increasing water intake reverses insulin resistance.”

Fiction. No evidence proves higher water consumption alone can reverse cellular insulin signaling dysfunctions driving resistance over the long run. However, even mild persistent dehydration worsens insulin resistance. Adequate hydration helps but is not curative.

As we see, declarative statements on water’s universality in managing blood sugar prove overly simplistic. The truth lies somewhere in the middle, with contextual and personalized guidance needed.  A balanced approach is often the answer.

Holistic Approach to Blood Sugar Management: Hydration, Diet, Exercise, and Pep2Dia®

Managing blood sugar levels is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being, particularly for those with diabetes or at risk of developing the condition. While there is no single solution to achieve optimal blood sugar control, a holistic approach that combines several key elements can be highly effective.

One of the most important factors in blood sugar management is staying properly hydrated. Drinking enough water helps to maintain the balance of fluids in the body, which is essential for various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day, and more if you engage in physical activity or live in a hot climate.

In addition to hydration, eating a balanced diet is crucial for managing blood sugar levels. Focus on consuming whole, unprocessed foods that are rich in fiber, lean protein, and healthy fats. Avoid sugary drinks and snacks, as well as refined carbohydrates like white bread and pasta. Instead, opt for complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which provide sustained energy and help to stabilize blood sugar levels.

Regular physical activity is another key component of a holistic approach to blood sugar management. Exercise helps to improve insulin sensitivity, which allows the body to use glucose more efficiently. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise most days of the week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.

Finally, incorporating a natural supplement like Pep2Dia® into your routine can provide additional support for blood sugar management. Pep2Dia® is a bioactive peptide derived from milk protein that has been clinically shown to help reduce post-meal sugar peaks. By slowing down the absorption of glucose from the gut, Pep2Dia® helps to prevent sharp spikes in blood sugar levels after eating.

When combined, these four elements – hydration, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and Pep2Dia® supplementation – create a powerful, holistic approach to blood sugar management. By addressing the issue from multiple angles, individuals can optimize their glucose metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce their risk of developing diabetes and related complications.

While each component of this approach is important, it is the synergistic effect of all four elements working together that provides the greatest benefit. By staying hydrated, eating well, exercising regularly, and incorporating Pep2Dia® into their routine, individuals can take control of their blood sugar health and enjoy a higher quality of life.

Pep2Dia®: A New Perspective on Blood Sugar Management

Pep2Dia®: A New Perspective on Blood Sugar Management

Over time, poor diet and lifestyle factors can impair our body’s ability to regulate blood sugar properly. The resulting glucose spikes after carb-heavy meals paired with inadequate insulin trigger a cascade of health issues from stubborn body fat to diabetes down the road.

Rather than resort to synthetic drugs with side effects, nutrition science now provides smarter solutions that work with your body’s natural sugar balancing rhythms. Developed by global dairy ingredients innovator Ingredia, the novel bioactive peptide hydrolysate, Pep2Dia® is clinically demonstrated to help maintain healthy blood sugar fluctuations naturally.

In this article, we’ll explore the science and mechanism behind Pep2Dia’s® efficacy for glycemic support, revealing a breakthrough natural ingredient for one of today’s most pressing health challenges.

The Blood Sugar Balancing Act

Breaking down carbohydrate foods into usable sugar energy requires coordinated hormonal actions. Food digestion releases glucose sugar which triggers insulin secretion to transport energy into cells. Insulin acts as the key allowing glucose to move from blood into tissues to fuel activity.

However, modern diets heavy in processed grains, sugary foods and low fiber cause blood glucose to spike sharply after meals. Meanwhile higher body fat plus sedentary lifestyles induce insulin resistance, blunting sensitivity signals. This makes it harder for insulin to clear excessive blood sugar fast enough.

Over time, the strain of these abnormal sugar and insulin surges leads to inflammatory damage of blood vessels plus organs and metabolic disorders. Early interventions that alleviate these glycemic fluctuations thus prevent downstream issues.

Pep2Dia®- A Multi-Target Peptide Complex

This is where Pep2Dia® comes in – a specialized whey peptide hydrolysate scientifically designed by Ingredia nutrition scientists to influence key regulators that manage healthy blood sugar rises after carb-rich meals. Consisting of several bioactive peptide fractions, Pep2Dia® employs two complementary mechanisms to smooth out glucose spikes gently and naturally, inhibition on alpha glucosidase and effects on GLP-1.

Slows Digestion of Carbs

Pep2Dia® firstly contains an amino acid sequence proven to inhibit alpha-glucosidase, the enzyme that breaks down starch and disaccharides into simple glucose to be absorbed. Temporarily decreasing alpha-glucosidase activity, Pep2Dia® slows digestion of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. This attenuates and prolongs post-meal glucose release into the bloodstream for steadier rises rather than sudden spikes that overwhelm.

Multiple randomized controlled trials verify Pep2Dia’s® efficacy in lowering postprandial glycemia via this mechanism without side effects.

This sets Pep2Dia® apart from single target options like basic alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as a multi-action peptide hydrolysate targeting the entire glucose metabolism cycle – from digestion to uptake and utilization for comprehensive support.

Ingredia: Pioneering Peptide Innovation

What enables game changing solutions like blood sugar optimizing Pep2Dia® is ingredient innovation leader Ingredia’s absolute commitment to science-led advancement in human nutrition.

As pioneers in bioactive dairy peptides, Ingredia combines its deep expertise in precision separation techniques with proprietary enzyme technologies to derive peptide complexes targeted to health priorities like blood sugar balance.

The Future of Blood Sugar Management

Thanks to globally validated solutions like Pep2Dia®, sustainable nutrition science can now smartly leverage food synergies that gently modulate and support, rather than interfere with, the incredible self-regulating capabilities inherent within our body.

By relying on evidence-based food derived supplements purposefully engineered through meticulous bioprocessing to influence intrinsic glycemic pathways, we herald food as medicine 2.0 – where clinically proven ingredients amplify dietary efforts to prevent rather than just manage modern health epidemics.

Pep2Dia’s® arrival thus signals a fundamental shift from prescription drug interventions downstream that often come with adverse effects towards gentle safeguards far upstream bolstering our body’s own capacity for balance as the first line of defense. This DNA marks the next era heralding a new generation of food inspired solutions backed by science that deliver efficacy for real people within ethical parameters.

Through breakthrough bioactives like Pep2Dia®, Ingredia uplifts dairy ingredients from simply nutritional to powerfully therapeutic – restoring metabolic equilibrium gently, daily and decisively so we stay healthy and nourished on our terms.

Unlocking the Power of Glucometers: Why Athletes and Influencers Track Blood Sugar Levels

Unlocking the Power of Glucometers: Why Athletes and Influencers Track Blood Sugar Levels

In recent years, a fascinating trend has emerged: athletes and influencers are using glucometers to monitor their blood sugar levels. These devices, typically associated with diabetes management, are now being leveraged by those looking to gain deeper insights into their health and performance. But what drives this interest, and what benefits can be gained from tracking blood glucose levels?

Why Athletes and Influencers Track Blood Sugar

The practice of tracking blood sugar is part of the broader quantified-self movement, where individuals seek to understand their bodies through data. Athletes and influencers, in particular, are keen to optimize their performance and well-being. By monitoring glucose levels, they can identify how their bodies respond to different foods, exercises, and stressors, ultimately making more informed decisions about their health.

Benefits of Blood Sugar Monitoring

Enhanced Performance

For athletes, understanding glucose fluctuations can be a game-changer. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) provide real-time data that can help fine-tune training regimens and recovery processes. By knowing when their blood sugar levels are optimal, athletes can plan their workouts to maximize performance and avoid energy crashes.

Better Nutrition Choices

Blood sugar monitoring offers valuable insights into how different foods affect glucose levels. Athletes and influencers can use this information to make better dietary choices, tailoring their nutrition to support their goals. For example, they might avoid foods that cause significant spikes in blood sugar, opting instead for those that provide sustained energy. Or they may choose to take a supplement that supports blood sugar management, such as one containing Pep2Dia®. When taken prior to a meal, this ingredient has been shown to reduce blood sugar spikes after the meal.

Health Optimization

Beyond performance and nutrition, tracking blood sugar can contribute to overall health. It can help identify stress responses, improve energy levels, and potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. By understanding their body’s responses, individuals can make lifestyle adjustments that promote long-term well-being.

Real-Life Examples

Many athletes and influencers have shared their positive experiences with CGMs. For instance, Tabb Firchau, an entrepreneur and avid self-tracker, uses a CGM to understand why some days he feels fantastic and others he doesn’t. By tracking his glucose levels, he can see the impact of his dietary choices and adjust accordingly. Similarly, athletes have reported significant improvements in their performance and recovery by using CGMs to guide their training and nutrition strategies.

The Science Behind Blood Sugar Monitoring

Blood sugar levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, influenced by factors like diet, exercise, and stress. For diabetics, these fluctuations can be life-threatening, which is why CGMs were initially developed. However, even for non-diabetics, understanding these patterns can be incredibly beneficial. The pancreas plays a crucial role by releasing insulin to regulate blood sugar, but various factors can affect its efficiency. CGMs provide a continuous stream of data, allowing users to see how their body responds in real-time.

Practical Applications for Non-Diabetic Users

While CGMs were designed for diabetics, their applications for non-diabetic users are growing. These devices can help anyone interested in optimizing their health, from athletes aiming to improve their performance to individuals seeking better energy levels and overall wellness. Though there is currently no research proving health improvements for non-diabetic users, anecdotal evidence suggests significant benefits.

Choosing the Right Glucometer

If you’re considering using a CGM, it’s essential to choose the right device. Factors to consider include cost, ease of use, data accuracy, and compatibility with other health tracking tools. While CGMs can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance for non-diabetic users, many find the investment worthwhile for the insights gained.

Tracking blood sugar levels with a glucometer can offer numerous benefits for athletes, influencers, and health enthusiasts. From optimizing performance to making better dietary choices and enhancing overall health, the insights provided by CGMs are invaluable. As this trend continues to grow, more people are likely to discover the empowering potential of understanding their body’s glucose levels. However, anyone considering using a CGM should consult with their health care professional, as atypical eating disorders could develop.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Glycemic Dysregulation at Menopause: What You Need to Know

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Glycemic Dysregulation at Menopause: What You Need to Know

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries, PCOS can lead to various health issues, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As women age and transition into menopause, the interplay between PCOS and glycemic dysregulation becomes increasingly significant, affecting overall health and quality of life.

Understanding PCOS and Its Long-term Effects

PCOS affects approximately 4% to 21% of women, depending on diagnostic criteria and population studied. Common symptoms include menstrual dysfunction, infertility, and signs of androgen excess such as hirsutism and acne. Long-term health risks include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders. Despite the amelioration of some symptoms with age, the long-term impact of PCOS on health remains a concern, particularly regarding glycemic regulation during menopause.

 

Menopause and Glycemic Dysregulation

Menopause brings about significant hormonal changes that can impact blood sugar regulation. The decline in estrogen levels is associated with increased insulin resistance and changes in fat distribution, often leading to abdominal obesity. These factors collectively heighten the risk of glycemic dysregulation, making it crucial for women with PCOS to be vigilant about their metabolic health as they approach menopause.

 

Symptoms of Glycemic Dysregulation in Women with PCOS

Symptoms of glycemic dysregulation can be subtle and often overlap with other menopausal symptoms. Common indicators include increased hunger or thirst, frequent urination, unexplained fatigue, and darkening of the skin in areas such as the groin, armpits, or neck. Women with PCOS may experience these symptoms more intensely due to their preexisting insulin resistance.

 

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of glycemic dysregulation in women with PCOS. These include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, and a family history of diabetes. Additionally, ethnic background plays a role, with women of Hispanic, African American, or Native American descent being at higher risk compared to their White or Asian counterparts.

 

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosing glycemic dysregulation involves blood tests such as fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance tests, and hemoglobin A1C tests. Early detection is key to preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes. Management strategies include lifestyle modifications like a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and sufficient sleep. In some cases, medications such as metformin may be prescribed to help control blood sugar levels.

 

Preventive Measures and Healthy Practices

Preventive measures are vital for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and overall well-being. Adopting a diet rich in lean proteins, high-fiber grains, vegetables, and fruits, along with regular physical activity, can significantly improve insulin sensitivity. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, managing stress, and ensuring regular medical check-ups are also important for preventive care. Certain supplements may help too in managing blood sugar and reducing stress. For example products that contain Lactium® have been shown to help manage stress levels. In addition, supplements that include Pep2Dia® help to reduce blood sugar after a meal.

Understanding the link between PCOS and glycemic dysregulation at menopause is essential for proactive health management. Women with PCOS should be aware of the potential risks and take steps to monitor and manage their blood sugar levels effectively. By adopting healthy lifestyle practices and seeking medical advice, they can mitigate the impact of glycemic dysregulation and enjoy a healthier, more balanced life during and after menopause.